Central Alabama is susceptible to flooding year-round because of its proximity to the Gulf of Mexico and the nearly unlimited supply of moisture it provides. In our case, this can occur from slow-moving summertime thunderstorms, a decaying tropical system or large storm systems.Sometimes floods develop slowly and forecasters can anticipate where a flood will happen days before it occurs. Often flash floods can occur within minutes and in a mountainous area, sometimes without any sign of rain.

Flooding is the most damaging, costly and deadly of severe-weather-related phenomena, costing the United States more than $5 billion in property damage yearly. On average, flooding is responsible for more deaths each year than lightning or tornadoes.

There are different types of floods that occur across Central Alabama.

Flash flood
A flash flood is flooding that normally occurs within six hours of heavy or intense rainfall. These floods develop very quickly and are a significant threat to life and property.

Areal flood
An areal flood develops more gradually, usually from prolonged and persistent moderate to heavy rainfall. These floods usually result in a gradual ponding or buildup of water in low-lying, flood-prone areas as well as small creeks and streams.

River flood
A river flood is flooding caused by a river or stream overflowing its banks because of recent heavy rainfall or prolonged rainfall over the drainage basin. This, in turn, inundates areas that are normally dry, such as low-lying areas near the river bank.

Here are a few helpful flood safety rules to follow:

Know what to listen for. A Flash Flood or Flood Watch means conditions are favorable for sudden short-term (less than six hours) flooding, or long-duration (longer than six hours) flooding, respectively. A Flash Flood or Flood Warning means flooding conditions are imminent or occurring and you should take action immediately. A River Flood Warning is issued when river, stream or lake levels are expected to rise above bankful.

Move to higher ground away from low-lying areas, storm drains and stream beds. Do not return to flooded areas. Flood waters carry debris that could cause serious injury or death. Water could be moving very quickly just below the surface. Only 6 inches of fast-moving water can knock an adult over. Children should not be allowed to play or walk near flowing water.

Never drive across flooded roadways or around barricades. Flood waters can rise very quickly, covering your vehicle or sweeping it downstream. Just 2 feet of water can move most vehicles, including trucks and large SUVs. Road surfaces could be washed away or large debris might be below the surface. If your vehicle is caught in rising water, abandon it immediately and seek higher ground.

Be especially cautious at night. Flood dangers are harder to recognize at night.

Read James Spann’s shopping list of must-have items for your severe weather safety kit, and Scott Martin’s safety tips for severe thunderstorms.

For more weather news and information from James Spann, Scott Martin and other members of the James Spann team, visit AlabamaWx.